Abstract
Nickerson gathers confirmation bias as a family that appears in many guises: people search, interpret, and remember in ways that keep a current hypothesis intact.
Nickerson, R. S. (1998). Review of General Psychology, 2(2), 175–220. DOI
Key findings
- Three faces — Biased search, biased interpretation, and biased memory travel together.
- Life stories too — The family is not only a card-task finding; it covers hypotheses people live inside.
Limits
Cite-anchor shelf — closed access; expand after a full read. A review of a family of findings, not a new experiment claimed here.
Application
When you cannot tell whether the room sent the verdict or you sent it, write what you projected before you write what they did (Confirmation bias).