Definition
The expectation train is the learned reward prediction that dampens surprise — the brain stops firing as if each identical win were new.
Origin
Schultz’s synthesis shows dopamine neurons adapt as outcomes become fully predicted — the error signal tracks deviation from expectation, not raw pleasure.
Mechanism
Identical cues and payoffs habituate the phasic response; changing context, variety, or genuine surprise can restore lift without moralizing “lost motivation.”
Applications
When a reward loop feels flat, test expectation before identity story — vary cue, challenge, or framing before you call it burnout.
Sources
Cite
- Schultz, W. (2016). Dopamine reward prediction-error signalling: A two-component response. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 17, 183–195.