Abstract
Stokols argues health promotion must integrate environmental design with lifestyle change — workplaces, neighbourhoods, and policy shape behaviour as much as willpower.
Stokols, D. (1992). American Psychologist, 47(1), 6–22. DOI
Key findings
- Social ecology — Individual-only behaviour strategies miss environmental levers — injury control and built context matter.
- Integrated promotion — Combining lifestyle, safety, and environmental enhancement yields stronger health gains than any single lane.
Application
When you redesign context but ignore policy and place — health change may stall on environment, not character. See Ecosystem.