Abstract
Holt uses experience sampling to track hedonic tone, tense arousal, and energetic arousal before and after workshops — momentary calmness reductions predict global wellbeing gains over a twelve-week programme.
Holt, N. J. (2020). Perspectives in Public Health, 140(5), 270–276. DOI
Key findings
- Momentary dimensions — Six-item mood questionnaires at session start and end capture contentment, calmness, and alertness shifts.
- Process prediction — Reduction in tense arousal (calmness) after sessions significantly predicts global wellbeing change — lead state data beats lag-only evaluation.
- ESM utility — Repeated momentary ratings nested within participants model change mechanisms that pre–post designs miss.
Application
When you score serenity 1–5 after a block, you are collecting the same class of lead state data ESM uses — pattern over weeks beats one heroic finish story.