Abstract
Gouldner argues that reciprocity functions as a cross-cultural moral norm — receiving a benefit creates a felt obligation to return comparable value, stabilising exchange and social cooperation.
Gouldner, A. W. (1960). American Sociological Review, 25(2), 161–178. DOI
Key findings
- Universal norm — Reciprocity appears as a moral rule across societies — giving creates return obligations.
- Cooperation glue — The norm stabilises exchange when formal contracts are thin — trust rests on expected return.